The city is renowned for its opulent palaces, temples, parks, gardens, tombs, walls and gates. With mountains surrounding the inland city on three sides, in addition to the old inner and outer city walls, Beijing was strategically poised and developed to be the residence of the emperor and thus was the perfect location for the imperial capital. As the last of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China, Beijing has been the political center of the country for most of the past eight centuries, and was the largest city in the world by population for much of the second millennium CE. Ĭombining both modern and traditional style architectures, Beijing is one of the oldest cities in the world, with a rich history dating back over three millennia. The Beijing Daxing International Airport, a second international airport in Beijing, is the largest single-structure airport terminal in the world. The Beijing Capital International Airport has been the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic ( Asia's busiest) since 2010, and, as of 2016, the city's subway network is the busiest and longest in the world. It is also a major hub for the national highway, expressway, railway, and high-speed rail networks. It is home to the headquarters of most of China's largest state-owned companies and houses the largest number of Fortune Global 500 companies in the world, as well as the world's four biggest financial institutions by total assets. As a megacity, Beijing is the second largest Chinese city by urban population after Shanghai. īeijing is a global city and one of the world's leading centres for culture, diplomacy, politics, finance, business and economics, education, research, language, tourism, media, sport, science and technology and transportation. Beijing is mostly surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin to the southeast together, the three divisions form the Jingjinji megalopolis and the national capital region of China. It is located in Northern China, and is governed as a municipality under the direct administration of the State Council with 16 urban, suburban, and rural districts. With over 21 million residents, Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city as well as China's second largest city after Shanghai. Beijing ( / b eɪ ˈ dʒ ɪ ŋ/ bay- JING Chinese: 北京 pinyin: Běijīng Mandarin pronunciation: ( listen)), alternatively romanized as Peking ( / p iː ˈ k ɪ ŋ/ pee- KING), is the capital of the People's Republic of China.
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